Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal System

Summarize

 main points

 

 

 

50. Long-term effects on bones and joints have been seen after treatment for certain childhood cancers.
50. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and other treatments can increase the risk of delayed bone and joint disease.
50. Symptoms and signs caused by late effects of bone and joint disease.
50. A test used to determine the health of bones and joints.

Epidemiological

 not have

Etiology & Risk Factors

 not have

Classification & Staging

Cancer types

 

 

50. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
50.  osteocarcinoma
50. Brain and spinal cord tumors
50.  Ewing's sarcoma
50. Head and neck cancer
50.  neuroblastoma
50.  non-Hodgkin lymphoma
50.  osteosarcoma
50.  RB
50.  soft tissue sarcoma
50.  Hodgkin disease
50. Cancer treated with stem cell transplants
50. Malnutrition and lack of exercise can also lead to long-term effects on bones

Clinical Manifestations

 S&S

 

 

50. Swelling that extends beyond the bone or the bony part of the body
50. Pain in the bone or joint
50. Redness or heat in the bone or joint
50. Stiffness or difficulty moving joints
50. Fractures for unknown reasons, or they are prone to fracture
50. Short stature (shorter than normal height)
50. One side of the body appears to be higher than the other, or the body is tilted to one side
50. Always sitting or standing lazily, or with a hunchback

 

 

        If your child has any of these problems, please consult your child's doctor.

Clinical Department

 not have

Examination & Diagnosis

 test mode

 

 

50. Physical examination and medical history: A general physical examination of the body for signs of disease, such as lumps or other unusual things. Learn about the patient's health habits, past illnesses and treatments. Experts can also examine bones and muscles.

 

 

50. Bone mineral density scan: An imaging test that measures bone mineral density by passing two different levels of energy x-rays through the bones. Used to diagnose osteoporosis (fragile or thin bones that are prone to fractures).

 

 

50. X-rays: X-rays are a beam of energy that can pass through the body and into film to photograph areas inside the body, such as bones.

        

 

Talk to your child's doctor about whether your child needs tests and procedures to check for long-term effects on bones and joints. If tests are needed, find out how often they will be done.

Clinical Management

 therapeutic tool

 

 radiotherapeutics

 

 

 

        Radiation therapy can stop or slow bone growth. The type of delayed bone and joint effects depends on the body part being treated with radiation therapy. Radiation therapy can cause any of the following:

 

 

 

 

Changes in the way the face or skull is formed, especially when children are exposed to high doses of radiation (with or without chemotherapy) before the age of 5

Short stature (shorter than normal height)

Scoliosis or kyphosis

One arm is shorter than the other or one leg is shorter than the other

Osteoporosis (weak or thin bones that are prone to fractures)

Bone radiation necrosis (partial jawbone necrosis due to insufficient blood flow)

Osteochondroma (a benign bone tumor)

 

 

 surgical operation

 

 

 

        The health problems that may arise after amputation or limb-sparing surgery to remove cancer and prevent its return depend on the location of the tumor, the patient's age, and the type of surgery. Health problems that may arise after amputation or limb-sparing surgery include:

 

 

 

There are problems with daily living activities.

You can't be as active as usual

Chronic pain or infection

Problems with the way the prosthesis is installed or works

 cataclasis

The bone may not heal after surgery

One arm is shorter than the other or one leg is shorter than the other

 

 

        The study showed that children who had cancer and had their limbs amputated had no difference in quality of life compared with those who had limb-sparing surgery.

 

 

 

Chemotherapy and other drug treatments

 

 

 

        Children who have recovered from cancer and are receiving treatment with anticancer drugs, including methotrexate, corticosteroids or glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone, may be at increased risk of the following:

 

 

 

 

Osteoporosis (weak or thin bones that are prone to fractures)

A condition known as avascular necrosis (where one or more parts of the bone dies due to a lack of blood flow), particularly in the hip or knee

 

 

Stem cell transplantation

 

 

 

        Bone and joint stem cell transplants can affect bones and joints in different ways:

 

 

 

Whole body irradiation (TBI), as part of a stem cell transplant, may affect the body's ability to produce growth hormone, resulting in short stature (being shorter than normal) and it may also cause osteoporosis (fragility or thinness, with an increased risk of fractures)

May develop osteochondroma (benign tumor of a long bone such as an arm or leg bone)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease may occur after a stem cell transplant and cause joint contractures (muscle tightening that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff). It can also cause bone necrosis (one or more parts of the bone die from lack of blood flow).

Prognosis

 not have

Follow-up & Review

 not have

Daily Care

 not have

Cutting-edge therapeutic and clinical Trials

 not have

References

 data source ：

 

PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Website: https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq. Date accessed: July 24,2018. [PMID: 26389365]

 

 

 

        Translated by Qian Yueping (Senior Manager of Medical Device Industry, Medical Clinical Affairs Department, PhD in Biology)

Audit specialists

 not have