Immune System

Immune System

Summarize

 main points

50. Surgery to remove the spleen increases the risk of delayed effects on the immune system.
50. Long-term effects on the immune system can lead to infection.
50. Children who have had their spleen removed may need to use antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection.

Epidemiological

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Etiology & Risk Factors

 risk factor

        The risk of developing health problems affecting the immune system is increased after receiving the following treatments:

50. Surgery to remove the spleen.
50. The spleen was subjected to high-dose radiation therapy, resulting in splenic failure.
50. Graft-versus-host disease occurred after stem cell transplantation, leading to failure of spleen function.

Possible health problems

The long-term effects on the immune system can increase the risk of severe bacterial infections, which are higher in young children than older children and may be greater with early infections following spleen failure or surgical removal.

Classification & Staging

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Clinical Manifestations

 S&S

50. Redness, swelling or heat in a part of the body
50. Pain in a part of the body, such as the eye, ear or throat
50.  have  a fever
50. Infections can cause other symptoms related to body parts. For example, lung infections can cause coughing and difficulty breathing

Clinical Department

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Examination & Diagnosis

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Clinical Management

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Prognosis

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Follow-up & Review

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Daily Care

Prevention and health care

Daily antibiotics can be used for children under 5 years of age whose spleen no longer functions or who have had a splenectomy for at least one year. For some high-risk patients, antibiotics can be used daily throughout childhood and adulthood.

In addition, children at higher risk of infection should be vaccinated regularly throughout adolescence to prevent the following:

50.  pneumococcosis
50.  meningococcosis
50. B type Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) disease
50. DTP (DTaP)
50.  hepatitis B

        Talk to your child's doctor about whether other childhood vaccinations are needed before cancer treatment.

Cutting-edge therapeutic and clinical Trials

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References

        Source:

PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Website: https://www.cancer.gov/types/childhood-cancers/late-effects-pdq. Date accessed: July 24,2018. [PMID: 26389365]

        Translated by Qian Yueping (Senior Manager, Medical Device Industry, Medical Clinical Affairs Department, PhD in Biology)

Audit specialists

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