Ovarian Tumor

Summarize

Ovarian tumors are diseases that arise from the development of malignant (cancerous) cells within ovarian tissue. The ovaries, part of the female reproductive system, are located on either side of the uterus in the pelvis. The ovaries, which resemble almonds, produce eggs and female hormones.

Epidemiological

Ovarian tumors that occur in children and adolescents are mostly benign (not cancer) and most commonly occur in women ages 15 to 19.

Etiology & Risk Factors

The risk of ovarian cancer increases in children with the following conditions:

Osteochondroma disease: a disease that causes abnormal growth of cartilage at the end of long bones.
Chondrodysplasia-vasculoma syndrome (also known as Maffucci syndrome): a disease that causes abnormal growth of cartilage and blood vessels in the ends of long bones.
Black spot polyp syndrome (also known as familial mucosal skin pigmentation gastrointestinal polyps, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome): an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps in the digestive tract, pigmentation of the skin mucosa and extremities.
Pleural mesothelioma syndrome: A condition that can cause cystic kidney tumors, lung cysts, thyroid problems, and other cancers of the kidney, ovary and soft tissue.
Dicer1 syndrome: A condition that can cause goiter, colon polyps and tumors in the lining of the ovaries, cervix, testicles, kidneys, brain, eyes and lungs.

Classification & Staging

There are several types of malignant ovarian tumors:

Germ cell tumors: These tumors originate from the egg cells of females and are the most common type of ovarian tumor in girls. (For more information on pediatric germ cell ovarian tumors, see the PDQ summary on treatment for extracranial germ cell tumors in children: https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treat Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome t-pdq) Ÿ Epithelial tumors: These tumors arise from the tissue that covers the ovaries and are the second most common type of ovarian tumor in girls.
Interstitial tumors: These tumors originate from the stromal tissue that surrounds and supports the ovary, including two types of granulosa cell tumors in adolescents and Sertoli-Leiwig cell tumors.
Other tumors, such as ovarian small cell tumors (a very rare type of tumor).

Clinical Manifestations

Ovarian tumors can cause the following signs and symptoms. If your child has any of the following problems, consult a pediatrician:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Abdominal pain or swelling
abdominal mass
astriction
Period pain or period absence
Male characteristics, such as more body hair or a deeper voice, appear
pubertas praecox

In addition to ovarian tumors, other conditions can cause the same symptoms.

Clinical Department

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Examination & Diagnosis

The diagnosis and staging of ovarian tumors require the following tests:

Physical examination and medical history inquiry
CT scan
ultrasonic examination
Organ biopsies

For a description of these inspection methods, see the basic information section above.

When the tumor is surgically removed, health care workers test the fluid for signs of cancer.

Clinical Management

For the treatment information below, see the treatment plan overview section above.

Treatment of ovarian epithelial tumors in children may include the following:

exairesis
radiotherapeutics
combined chemotherapy

Treatment of ovarian stromal tumors in children may include the following:

The ovary and fallopian tube on one side were removed by surgery to treat early-stage tumors.
For advanced tumors, chemotherapy can be performed after surgery
Chemotherapy can also be used for recurrent ovarian cancer.

Children with recurrent ovarian tumors may consider participating in clinical trials to test for changes in genes in tumor samples and to target the patients based on the type of gene change.

Prognosis

In children, ovarian epithelial tumors are usually detected early and are easier to treat than in adult patients.

Follow-up & Review

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Daily Care

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Cutting-edge therapeutic and clinical Trials

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References

(For more information, see the following PDQ summary:

Treatment of extracranial germ cell tumors in children: https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treat Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome t-pdq

Treatment of ovarian epithelial cancer, fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer: https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-epithelial-treat Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome t-pdq

Treatment of ovarian germ cell tumors: https://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/patient/ovarian-germ-cell-treat Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome t-pdq