Orchioncus

Orchioncus

Summarize

Testicular cancer is a disease that arises from the development of malignant (cancerous) cells in one or both testicles. The testicles, located within the scrotum (a loose-fitting sac below the penis), are two oval-shaped glands. They are attached to the scrotum by the spermatic cord, which also contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, and nerves of the testicles.

        There are two types of tumors that can develop in the testicles: germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors.

50. Germ cell tumors are tumors that originate from male sperm cells and can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common types of testicular germ cell tumors in boys are benign teratomas and malignant non-seminomas. Seminomas are more prevalent in young adult males and are rarely seen in boys. ​
50. Nongerminant tumors originate in the tissue that surrounds and supports the testicles and can be either benign or malignant.

Epidemiological

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Etiology & Risk Factors

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Classification & Staging

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Clinical Manifestations

Testicular tumors and their spread to other parts of the body can cause the following signs and symptoms. If your child has any of the following problems, consult a pediatrician:

50. A painless swelling in the testicles
50. Abdominal or back pain
50.  expiratory dyspnea
50. Blood in sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs)

        A painless lump in the testicular area may indicate a testicular tumor. In addition to testicular tumors, other conditions can also cause a lump in the testicular area.

Clinical Department

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Examination & Diagnosis

The diagnosis and staging of non-germ cell testicular cancer require the following tests:

50. Physical examination and medical history inquiry
50. Serum tumor marker test
50. CT scan
50.  ultrasonic examination
50. Organ biopsies
50. MRI

        For a description of these inspection methods, see the basic information section above.

        In addition, the diagnosis of testicular tumors also includes serum tumor marker detection:

        Serum tumor marker testing: In this test, healthcare professionals examine the patient's blood sample to measure the levels of specific substances released into the bloodstream by organs, tissues, or tumor cells. These substances are known as tumor markers. Elevated levels of these markers in the blood often indicate the presence of a specific type of cancer. A tumor marker called alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is commonly used to diagnose germ cell tumors.

Clinical Management

For the treatment information below, see the treatment plan overview section above.

        Children with non-reproductive cell testicular cancer may need surgery to remove the tumour.

        Children with recurrent non-germ cell testicular tumors may consider participating in clinical trials to detect changes in genes in the patient's tumor samples and to target the patient based on the type of gene change.

(For information on testicular tumors of germ cells in children, see the PDQ summary of treatment for extracranial germ cell tumors in children: https://www.cancer.gov/types/extracranial-germ-cell/patient/germ-cell-treat Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome t-pdq)

Prognosis

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Follow-up & Review

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Daily Care

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Cutting-edge therapeutic and clinical Trials

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References

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Audit specialists

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