Salivary Gland Tumor

Salivary Gland Tumor

Summarize

Salivary gland tumors are very rare, accounting for 0.5% of all malignancies in children and adolescents. However, this disease is the second most common tumor in the head and neck region. Salivary gland tumors may occur after radiotherapy or chemotherapy for other tumors. The overall 5-year survival rate for children is about 95%.

 sialoblastoma

        Salivary gland blastoma is a common benign tumor in newborns, although cases have also been reported in individuals up to 15 years old. This type of tumor rarely metastasizes to the lungs, lymph nodes, or bones. Chemotherapy regimens including carboplatin, epirubicin, vincristine, etoposide, mitomycin, doxorubicin, and ifosfamide have shown therapeutic efficacy in two children with salivary gland blastoma.

Epidemiological

Histological and molecular characteristics

        The most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children is mucoepidermoid carcinoma, followed by adenoid cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Less common malignancies include rhabdomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is typically low to moderately aggressive, although high-grade cases have been reported. Malignant breast-like sebaceous gland carcinoma (MASC) is a newly identified condition that has been reported in children. However, the number of reported cases is too small to provide a comprehensive understanding of the clinical progression of these tumors.

The immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis of salivary gland tumors in children were similar to those observed in adults.

Mucinous epidermoid carcinoma is the most common type of salivary gland tumor clinically. Compared with standard treatment, its 5-year survival rate is about 95%.

Etiology & Risk Factors

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Classification & Staging

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Clinical Manifestations

 clinical manifestation

        Most salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid gland, with about 15 percent occurring in the submandibular or sublingual minor salivary glands. These tumors are usually benign, but there is a possibility of malignancy, especially in young children.

Clinical Department

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Examination & Diagnosis

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Clinical Management

Treatment of salivary gland tumors in children

        Radical surgical resection is the preferred method for treating salivary gland tumors. For highly malignant or invasive tumors (such as those with lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension, or perineural spread), additional radiotherapy may be used. Salivary gland tumor resection should be performed under neurosensory monitoring to prevent damage to the facial nerve. A retrospective study comparing proton therapy with conventional radiotherapy found that proton therapy has favorable dosimetric characteristics and less acute toxicity. Another retrospective study showed that brachytherapy using iodine I-125 was effective in children with high-risk mucinous epidermoid carcinoma.

        The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for children is not yet sufficient to draw reliable conclusions.

Prognosis

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Follow-up & Review

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Daily Care

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Cutting-edge therapeutic and clinical Trials

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References

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Audit specialists

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